Ember Polaris vs Mithril: A Comprehensive Comparison

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In the world of frontend development, Ember Polaris and Mithril represent two different philosophies for building web applications. While Ember Polaris brings modern features to the Ember ecosystem with Glimmer components and strict-mode JavaScript, Mithril offers a lightweight and pragmatic approach with virtual DOM and functional components. Let’s explore their differences and use cases.

Table of Contents

1. Core Concepts
2. Reactivity and State Management
3. Templating and Components
4. DOM Manipulation
5. Event Handling
6. Component Composition
7. Form Handling
8. Lifecycle Management
9. Performance and Bundle Size
10. Learning Curve
11. Conclusion

Core Concepts

Ember Polaris and Mithril take fundamentally different approaches to building web applications:

• Ember Polaris uses a modern, class-based component model with Glimmer templates and strict-mode JavaScript
• Mithril focuses on simplicity with functional components and a lightweight virtual DOM implementation

Reactivity and State Management

State Declaration

Both frameworks offer different ways to declare and manage state:

Ember Polaris’s Approach

// name.gjs
import Component from "@glimmer/component";

export default class NameComponent extends Component {
  name = "John";

  <template>
    <h1>Hello {{this.name}}</h1>
  </template>
}

Ember Polaris uses class-based components with template syntax.

Mithril’s Approach

// Name.js
import m from "mithril";

export default function Name() {
  let name = "John";

  return {
    view: () => m("h1", `Hello ${name}`),
  };
}

Mithril uses functional components with hyperscript.

State Updates

Ember Polaris’s Approach

// name.gjs
import Component from "@glimmer/component";
import { tracked } from "@glimmer/tracking";

export default class CounterComponent extends Component {
  @tracked name = "John";

  constructor(owner, args) {
    super(owner, args);
    this.name = "Jane";
  }

  <template>
    <h1>Hello {{this.name}}</h1>
  </template>
}

Mithril’s Approach

// Name.js
import m from "mithril";

export default function Name() {
  let name = "John";
  name = "Jane";
  return {
    view: () => m("h1", `Hello ${name}`),
  };
}

Computed Properties

Ember Polaris’s Approach

// double-count.gjs
import Component, { tracked } from "@glimmer/component";

export default class DoubleCount extends Component {
  @tracked count = 10;

  get doubleCount() {
    return this.count * 2;
  }

  <template>
    <div>{{this.doubleCount}}</div>
  </template>
}

Mithril’s Approach

// DoubleCount.js
import m from "mithril";

export default function DoubleCount() {
  let count = 10;
  let doubleCount = count * 2;
  return {
    view: () => m("div", doubleCount),
  };
}

DOM Manipulation

List Rendering

Ember Polaris’s Approach

// colors.gjs
const colors = ["red", "green", "blue"];

<template>
  <ul>
    {{#each colors as |color|}}
      <li>{{color}}</li>
    {{/each}}
  </ul>
</template>

Mithril’s Approach

// Colors.js
import m from "mithril";

export default function Colors() {
  const colors = ["red", "green", "blue"];
  return {
    view: () =>
      m(
        "ul",
        colors.map((color, idx) => m("li", { key: idx }, color))
      ),
  };
}

Event Handling

Ember Polaris’s Approach

// counter.gjs
import Component from "@glimmer/component";
import { tracked } from "@glimmer/tracking";
import { on } from "@ember/modifier";

export default class Counter extends Component {
  @tracked count = 0;

  incrementCount = () => this.count++;

  <template>
    <p>Counter: {{this.count}}</p>
    <button {{on "click" this.incrementCount}}>+1</button>
  </template>
}

Mithril’s Approach

// Counter.js
import m from "mithril";

export default function Counter() {
  let count = 0;
  const incrementCount = () => (count = count + 1);
  return {
    view: () =>
      m(
        "div",
        m("p", `Counter: ${count}`),
        m("button", { onclick: incrementCount }, "+1")
      ),
  };
}

Form Handling

Text Input

Ember Polaris’s Approach

// input-hello.gjs
import Component from "@glimmer/component";
import { tracked } from "@glimmer/tracking";
import { on } from '@ember/modifier';

export default class InputHello extends Component {
  @tracked text = "Hello World";

  handleInput = (event) => (this.text = event.target.value);

  <template>
    <p>{{this.text}}</p>
    <input value={{this.text}} {{on "input" this.handleInput}} />
  </template>
}

Mithril’s Approach

// InputHello.js
import m from "mithril";

export default function InputHello() {
  let text = "Hello world";
  const handleChange = ({ target: { value } }) => (text = value);

  return {
    view: () =>
      m("", m("p", text), m("input", { value: text, onchange: handleChange })),
  };
}

Performance and Bundle Size

Ember Polaris

• Modern build pipeline
• Glimmer VM for efficient rendering
• Tree shaking support
• Optimized for large applications

Mithril

• Tiny bundle size (≈10KB minified)
• Fast virtual DOM implementation
• Built-in routing and XHR
• Minimal API surface

Learning Curve

Ember Polaris

• Steeper learning curve
• Class-based components
• Strong conventions
• Rich ecosystem to learn
• Modern JavaScript features

Mithril

• Gentle learning curve
• Functional programming concepts
• Minimal API surface
• Hyperscript syntax
• Simple routing system

Conclusion

Choose Ember Polaris if you:

• Need a full-featured enterprise framework
• Value strong conventions
• Want modern class-based components
• Are building large-scale applications
• Need robust tooling support
• Plan to scale your application significantly

Choose Mithril if you:

• Want a lightweight framework
• Prefer functional programming
• Need built-in routing
• Value simplicity and performance
• Want minimal API surface
• Need quick development cycles

Both frameworks excel in different scenarios:

• Ember Polaris shines in building large-scale applications that benefit from strong conventions and modern features
• Mithril is perfect for building lightweight applications with excellent performance and minimal overhead

The choice between Ember Polaris and Mithril often depends on your project’s requirements:

• Use Ember Polaris for building complex enterprise applications that benefit from strong conventions
• Use Mithril for building lightweight applications that need excellent performance and minimal overhead

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